Her Personality

Is It True That Ones Birth Order Effects His/Her Personality Significance of the Chosen Topic for Social Scientific Analysis The main research question for the present social scientific analysis sounds as the following: Does the birth order of a child impact on child’s personality and behavior?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is It True That One’s Birth Order Effects His/Her Personality? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the outset, well known factors that cause or shape personality include the family. Hartshorne (2010) explicates that the common belief that the family setting is significant in shaping our personality so much that our IQ is almost dependent on the family as a socialization agent is true. As such, there is the growing need to understand whether birth order that is an aspect of the family comes any close in shaping one’s behavioral characteristics and ultimately the personality. Birth order refers to the birth position one’s hold a mongst siblings. The first born, second born, last born are various birth orders, which would be imperative in the resolution of the current impasse that surrounds the topic. Understanding the impact of birth order on personality provides a platform where parents may understand the behaviors of their children in a better way (Herrera, Zajonc, Wieczorkowska, Cichomski, 2003). Besides, the parents may comprehend the potential abilities of the children as well as the behaviors that are typical of a specific birth order. Presentation of Three Research Problems With regard to the presented questions, three research problems have been identified that can contribute to addressing the main question effectively: Which tools should be used to assess the relation between birth order and family size? Which methods can be used to measure personality development with regard to child’s position in a family? Are there any scientific theories that can be applied to define the relations bet ween child’s position and his/her character traits? All these questions combined can provide an extensive and systematic overview of the main research questions and justify the fact of direct connection between birth order and child position. Rationale for the Social Scientific Analysis Applied to Each of Three Research Problems In order to provide answers to the above-identified questions, it is imperative to apply to a mixed method approach based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained data. Specifically, the first question can be answered with the implementation of statistical analysis of the sample population to define the family size of each family that will participate into the interviews. Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Statistical data will refer to the number of children of the same age in connection with the number of family with an ident ical size. The data analysis will allow to define whether children of similar age take different birth order position in the family. It will also contribute to drawing the correlation between age of children and their psychological characteristics at this age with regard to family position. For example, it will help to answer the question about the similarities and differences in character traits with regard to age and position. To answer the second questions, observational method should be used. Hence, interviews with children and parents can help to define the attitudes and behaviors of children with regard to the role they perform in their families. Finally, in order to answer the third question, a peer-reviewed research should be conducted to compare the interview results with the existing researches in the field. The application of mixed methods is justified studying human behavior from a qualitative perspective provides insufficient outlook on certain phenomenon and objects. For example, ignorance of quantitative methods can lead to inaccuracy of percentage calculation, which will definitely provide ambiguity to the interview results. It will be impossible to transcribe interviews without introducing statistical data and correlating it with qualitative results. Analyzing the Extent to Which the Chosen Topic Question Can Be Examined by Applying the Scientific Method According to the Howe (2011), the choice of mixed method analysis of the research question is completely justified, despite the assumption that natural sciences are more associated with quantitative research methods whereas social sciences are more attained to qualitative methods to study human behavior. A closer look at natural sciences reveals that both quantitative and qualitative methods can equally contribute to the scientific research. Much more evidence is found concerning the use of quantitative methods for exploring natural sciences. This method is traditionally considered as the basic one for investigating different statistical information in such disciplines as biology, chemistry, or mathematics. This conventional outlook on the methodologies distribution is represented by a positivist movement (Howe, 2011). Despite this stereotype, recent researches have argued the applicability of qualitative methods and mixed methods to natural sciences. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is It True That One’s Birth Order Effects His/Her Personality? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At this point, distinction between qualitative and quantitative methods chosen for analyzing physical and natural sciences can prevent a study from meeting validity and reliability standards. Nevertheless, a priority is still given to a quantitative analysis, when it comes to natural sciences. Comparative Analysis of the Research Methods Required For the Formulated Question and the Scientific Methods in the Context of t he Natural or Physical Sciences Though natural sciences can apply to mixed research methods, they still apply to different theoretical frameworks and stages of research analysis. At this point, use of different methods is not the factor that differentiates natural and scientific methods. In fact, both natural and social discipline can imply the use of mixed approaches, but the different will lie in the goals and interests pursued by scientists. For instance, a natural scientist is more concerned with the natural events, as well as how they can be analyzed with regard to the abstract knowledge whereas a social scientist is interested in theoretical generalizations and frameworks that would contribute to analyzing human behavior. Hence, they want ascribe human actions to theoretical perspectives. Regarding the formulated questions, analysis of interview questions combined with statistical and demographic data, as well as review of related literature can presents a new theoretical pe rspective for studying the role birth as a factor shaping personality traits. The mixed research applied to natural studies, the focus will be made on how theories can explain a specific natural phenomenon. Discussing Whether a Social Science Perspective Must Rely on the Scientific Method in the Same Way That Natural and Physical Science Would Due to the identified stages of exploring the research questions, it will first start with gathering quantitative data that will later be processed in combination with qualitative data. As a result, the quantitative study will serve as a framework for building concepts and developing qualitative studies. Such an approach, however, will not provide consistent findings when applied to natural and physical sciences because it is impossible to analyze statistical data first with no reference to qualitative phenomenon. Therefore, mixed approach can only be applied to natural sciences in a very narrow context and for specific purposes because natu ral sciences are more subjected to causality. So, absence of sequence can prevent from delivering accurate results. In contrast, human scientist should rely solely on rational chain of causalities and, therefore, more emphasis on the qualitative data analysis should be placed.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Hartshorne, J. (2010, Jan. 11) How Birth affects Your Personality. Scientific American, 45 (3): 1-2. Herrera, N. C., Zajonc, R. B., Wieczorkowska, G., Cichomski, B. (2003). Beliefs about birth rank and their reflection in reality. Journal of Personality Social Psychology, 85 (1): 142-150. Howe, K. R. (2011). Mixed Methods, Mixed Causes? Qualitative Inquiry. 17(2), pp. 166-171.

Have neoliberal policies benefitted people in the developing world Essay

Have neoliberal policies benefitted people in the developing world since 1980 - Essay Example If more foreign products came in, the home producers would be forced to improve their production quality and quantity, to survive in the market. Second, reformers believed that it was the key to higher investment in technology from abroad to boost their production. For a developing country to compete in the same field with the industrialized nations and survive, it had to offer the best products and services in the market. This was a strategy for most marginalized corporations to allow them access to foreign technology in the wake of trade liberalization. However, the outcome had variations between nations. Despite trade liberalization in different parts of the developing world, the trend in the 1990s indicates that â€Å"the results of trade reform have varied and sometimes fallen short of expectations† (Worldbank, n.d., p. 133). Considering the crisis in the Korean economy in 1980, the government had to effectively seek a solution to it, before things got out of hand. There was a lot of pressure for the industries, especially the heavy and chemical industries (HCI), which had no option but rationalize or merge to survive. The Korean government implemented import liberalization in two faces, which were centred on reduction of tariff rates. The mid 1990s had seen imports in Korea rise by approximately 18 per cent, compared to the tariff rates for the manufactures that declined by almost 6 per cent (Yang, 1999). The Korean move to imports liberalization, which was an existing trend among developing nations was the trigger for the pressure in the domestic markets, especially in the manufacturing sector. As the import restrictions reduced, more imports as compared to exports weakened the economy. The domestic prices reduced, which resulted to reduced profit margins not only for the economy as a whole, but includ ing business people. Trade liberalization led to one problem after the other,

Organizing, Decision-Making, Ethics, and the Law in Management - Case Essay - 1

Organizing, Decision-Making, Ethics, and the Law in Management - Case Study - The Vacation Request [S3] - Essay Example Properly communicated and followed reporting lines result in better clarity of objectives and lesser instances of mismanagement occur with effective controlling and monitoring mechanisms enhancing productivity of employees. Small businesses establish themselves quickly but most of the time they fail to convert themselves in to large enterprises as they fail to adopt or practice the formal management structures and reporting lines, hence decision making is ineffective or prolonged and the owner is involved in micro management of issues. With properly defined roles, job descriptions and established reporting lines small businesses can enhance their operations with supervisors entrusted to manage their staff while senior management concentrates on core business planning activities. In the case study Harry should have informed Tom to take approval from his reporting authority, i.e. Luther Jones. In this particular instance the decision on whether the leave should be approved or not was not made by the competent authority. In fact the authority of Luther was bypassed; this issue de-motivates the manager and encourages employees to reach senior management for their small issues this phenomenon shifts the focus of senior management from core business to micro managing and a loss of trust occurs amongst all three parties. Harry would not trust Luther’s ability to supervise Tom, Luther would not trust Tom in future and would develop negative feelings for Harry and Tom and other team members would always look up to Harry for trivial decisions related to their own employment. All three parties share the blame in this instance, Tom should have followed the hierarchy, Harry should have consulted Luther or should have turned down Tom sending him to Luther for approval and Luther should have met and discussed his responsibilities with Harry in order to avoid such confusions. In

Consulted Magna with Recommendations Essay Example for Free

Consulted Magna with Recommendations Essay Magna International Inc. (Magna) is a Canadian car and light trucks parts maker, who design, develop and manufacture automotive systems, assemblies, modules and components, as well as engineers and assembles complete vehicles, primarily for sale to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Magna operates in three geographical regions: North America, Europe, and the rest of the world (mainly Asia, South America and Africa), making Magna an international company. We have investigated Magna and identified two key issues they are currently facing. Firstly, Magna is suffering Quality Control problems in their divisions, such as Magna Powertrain, Magna Steyr, Magna Closures, Magna Car Top Systems, etc. The current method of dealing with problems is a weak matrix structure. However, we recommend two alternatives that will increase Magnas efficiency. Our first recommendation is to create a Dedicated Team. Our second recommendation is to enhance the existing Matrix Structure, by making it stronger. We illustrate numerous strengths and weaknesses for each recommendation. The second issue Magna is dealing with is the increased pressure to unionize their employees. To a degree, this matter seems unavoidable. We simply recommend Magana create a Managements Rights Clause and/or Management Prerogatives Rights in order to protect their rights and clarify various aspects of employment rights from the beginning. Therefore, Magna needs to assess these alternatives from their internal perspective. As a consulting agency, we can only suggest alternatives that would suit the organization and improve their current drawbacks. Introduction Magna International Inc. (Magna) is a Canadian car parts maker and supplier to a wide variety of automakers throughout the world. The systems Magna provides are major components in the final assembly of cars, for GM, Ford, Chrysler, Mercedes, BMW, Toyota, Honda, Porsche, Volkswagen, along with others. We have identified two issues with Magna, for which we have derived several alternatives. One issue is Quality Control (QC) in Magnas systems, which is due to organizational structure when dealing with QC. Another issue that Magna is currently experiencing is the increasing pressures to unionize their employees. Magnas current QC procedure will be discussed, followed by an analysis of Magnas two key issues we have identified including alternatives that we propose. Current Quality Control Process In order to properly asses the current situation with the QC processes an employee of Magna directly involved with such issues was interviewed. The company is organized in a number of independent divisions that are system/product oriented, for example Vision System, Powertrain System, Electronic System, etc. Each of these divisions is involved in a final system assembly stage and supplying systems to the car and light truck manufacturers. Each division has its own chain of suppliers and sub-contractors to supply parts, to make adjustments or process them, and to perform primary assembly. The final assembly of the system is performed at one of the Magna division plants (Appendix A). The cross functional team (CFT) is comprised of representatives from the functional departments. These representatives are gathered from departments, such as Logistics, QC, Materials, Production, Accounting and Purchasing (Appendix B). They are assigned to the team, as CFT members, in order to deal with a specific problem at hand. The CFT leader only has authority to gather information on the QC problems, workout possible solutions to implement with the respective cost associated with these solutions. The solutions are then conveyed to the Chief Operations Officer (COO) for consideration, decision and implementation. Once the problem is resolved, CFT members resume to their respective positions and duties. Other factors with regards to QC include financial risk, performance risk as well as problems between business to business relationships. In terms of financial risk, if Magnas quality is not up to par, their clients demand may diminish and will result in lower revenues. Currently, the Big Three (Ford, GM, Chrysler) represent 60% of revenues, therefore it is in Magnas best interest to insure that demand does not diminish for these customers because a ripple affect will occur and Magna will also be affected by a decrease in demand and revenue. Along the same lines, if customers are not satisfied with the parts produced, they will find another supplier. In addition, if defective parts have to be shipped back, it poses a financial risk given that Magna is losing the potential to make a profit from those parts, representing an opportunity cost. Furthermore, there are performance risks associated with QC given that customers may purchase parts that do not function or perform as they are intended to. Moreover, if Magna is supplying dysfunctional parts it will jeopardize the relationship with their customers by diminishing the trust and loyalty that has been established over the many years of their relationship. This may result in an unfavourable image on Magnas part and will create a risk of being replaced by another supplier. As a result Magna may choose to find other companies with higher standards to outsource to and form a strategic partnership with them. To re-establish trust with their customers, they will have to provide superior performance, social ties and specific investments such as training new supplier personnel on how to produce certain parts and establish contractual agreements specifying for example the limit conditions on products and also who will be responsible for losses incurred as a result of faulty products. Thus, with this background knowledge of Magnas QC problem, we suggest two alternatives for Magna, a Dedicated Team Approach and Strong Matrix Team Approach. Alternatives Dedicated Team Magnas current CFT (weak matrix structure) is ineffective because the CFT leader does not possess enough authority to resolve the issue in a timely manner, hence cost effective. In order to achieve successful project completion, one of our recommendations is to implement a Dedicated Team (Appendix C). This structure is preferred when considered solely from the project managers point of view. People and assets are allocated completely to the project for as long as they are needed to complete the project. Furthermore, in a Dedicated Team, the project manager has full line authority over all the resources. This effectively sets up a separate goal-oriented department of the company, which is its own functional department. The project manager still has the problem of managing and integrating other companies and external organizations contributing to the project, but has full mastery over all the people and groups working on the project within his/her company. This goal-oriented structure makes planning, control and general project management simpler and easier than with other forms of organization. There can be much better integration of everyone who is involved in the project and communication between them (formal and informal) is faster, direct and frequent. Teamwork is much easier to develop and therefore creates a higher degree of commitment to the project objectives, especially when the team is permanent. Conflict is likely to be less than other project organization forms and if complications arise it can be solved more easily. Consequently, project teams tend to maximize the probability of completing projects on time, within budget and to specification. Unfortunately, teams are not the most flexible way in which to use company resources. If more than one team exists in the same company, it becomes necessary to increase the numbers of specialists on the payroll because each specialist (or group of specialists) must be allocated fully to each project team for the projects life. It is usually difficult to switch specialists from one project to another to take account of day-to-day fluctuations in workload. Division of labour within functions is therefore more difficult so that a dedicated project team might have to make do with a generalist in a function where a specialist would be preferred. Therefore, although the Dedicated project team (separate divisional form of project organization) enables projects to be managed more effectively than the functional organization and it avoids some of the problems of more complex organizational forms, it can generally be used on larger projects capable of sustaining bigger functionalist groups within the team. The team structure is appropriate, therefore when a company is handling a single important project, or where one project is much more important than the others, it justifies setting up a completely separate company division. In that case, the size of the project and the volume of the work should be great enough to provide full time activity for each of the functional specialists or groups assigned to the project. Dedicated project teams cannot be used when a company is handling several relatively small projects simultaneously on a continuous basis because they would splinter up the function resources. This splintering inhibits the transfer of personnel between projects according to demand and reduces the number of projects that a company can handle for a given number of staff. Strong Matrix Team One of the reasons that Magna is experiencing problems with effectively dealing with its QC problems has to do with its organizational structure. Magna currently has in place a weak matrix system which creates problems with its reporting dimensions. The current belief is that in order to get things done in the organization there has to be a dual-reporting structure, in which one person is assigned to two bosses. With regard to the QC procedure Magna currently has in place, the CFT leader that has no real authority or decision making power over the problems that arise. The CFT leaders duty is simply to gather information, analyze the problem, provide solutions, and report all this to the COO. The COO discusses this information with the board of directors who decide as a whole which option to choose and then vertically pass down the information to the CFT leader. This process exerts a lot of time and every hour of idle production costs the company millions of dollars. Another issue with the current matrix structure is that employees that are part of this CFT are having a difficult time dealing with this vertical chain of authority; they have to deal with their functional manager as well as their team leader. This usually results in the CRT leaders requests being left out of the equation.

Gothic Elements in A Curtain of Green and Death of a Traveling Salesma

Gothic Elements in A Curtain of Green and Death of a Traveling Salesman In fiction, Gothicism is defined as a style that emphasizes the grotesque, mysterious, and desolate. Eudora Welty makes frequent use of the grotesque in her work, often pairing it with elements of mystery, as in "Keela, The Outcast Indian Maiden." However, she usually deals with desolation as a separate element, as in "Death of A Traveling Salesman," in which the focus is placed on the lonely, fruitless existence of R.J. Bowman. One early reviewer of A Curtain of Green, in which "Keela, The Outcast Indian Maiden" appears, wrote that Welty was "preoccupied with the demented, the deformed, the queer, [and] the highly spiced" (Vande Kieft 67). Though the presence of these elements is pronounced, the reviewer has failed to look past these devices to see Welty's purpose. Welty's focus is never centered around the grotesque itself; rather she focuses on her characters' reactions to it and the contrast it creates. "She does not try mystically to transform or anonymously to interpret," she me...

European Films & An Analysis Essay

Films are products of culture. It is a culture woven into a piece of art. Films are like mirrors reflecting certain cultures, and these cultures in turn, are also affected back by these films in which they relate to. In fact, film is considered as one great type of art because of its effectiveness in influencing its audience or film viewers. It is therefore very important to be careful of what should be shown to the viewers though films because of the possible effects that it can do to the public, a social entity that is reemerging from the film with a well-defined historical and contemporary roles and functions. This public is where the film audiences also came from and, audience, is the group where the film is appealing to, influencing them, their thoughts, their ideas and their beliefs as they see their own culture unfolds before them in front of the screen through the motion pictures. It is actually difficult to visualize an instituted and strengthened public/national identity without reinforcement between or among those who are sharing this national identity. The role of films therefore is to relay the information back to those individuals with shared identity, values, culture and many other things in â€Å"their sense of common cultural memory or mutual belonging†1 according to David Forgacs, stated in the book of Ricci. With this high sensibility to the public, more often than not, governments take some, or even much, precautions before allowing some release of films by regulating them or, sometimes, governments take advantage of the films to promote their national goals through the encouragement of some themes in them in exchange to some benefits and privileges given to filmmakers. II. Major European Nations and Their Films It is important to understand that films are generally regulated. Some institutions located in a country or region into where the film is based or created, or the culture of that region or area where the film relates to, must also be considered in the creation of that certain film. Films must also be paralleled or must be aligned with the whims of the regulatory bodies controlling them, or else they cannot be approved for public release and viewing. At present day, these regulations are apparent to some directives given by governing bodies such as the European Union (EU) in European countries. Some of the directive’s provision includes statement such as: †broadcasters reserve for European works the majority proportion of their transmission time†2. This is the general directive. Each country however has their respective ways of regulating and directing their own film industries as well as the films that are to be shown in their respective territories, both in the past and presently. In English film industry in the early eightees, before Thatcher’s intervention, it â€Å"had been generally expected that a Labour government would increase state support for film in recognition of its cultural, and not just commercial, worth† 3 (Hill 1996, 101) Another film industry that can be seen as controlled, making the art as a means to encourage national goals, is seen in the French national film industry where there are quotas as to the percentage of European and American/foreign films that may be shown to the public, and this is claimed to be in accordance with cultural preservation of European values. In Italy however, films are freer and without so much restrictions imposed upon their approval and release to the public. In the early 1920’s Soviet era, foreign films were even utilized for the purpose of its own â€Å"industry’s recovery†. 4 The following section focuses on major European nations and their national film forms in depth analyses in their institutional context. This includes the English, French and Italian film industries among others. III. Selected European Films in Their Institutional Context As the Second World War approached, it was believed that the film productions in European areas were random. That was history. Today, aside from the umbrella rules of the recent EU Directive, each nation, especially the greater ones, have their own sets of rules and policies, as well as style and culture in their respective film industries. The following are major European countries/areas and how their respective film industries are with respect to institutional context/

Critical Thinking . Critical Thinking Is A Major Component

Critical Thinking Critical thinking is a major component of the nursing process. Critical thinking is define as, â€Å"that mode of thinking—about any subject, content, or problem—in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them† (Paul and Eder, 2012). Nurses who critically think about their patients have a better chance of solving the patient’s problems quickly and successfully. Critically thinking nurses are engaged, â€Å"in a process of constant evaluation, redirection, improvement, and increased efficiency (Black, 2014, p. 154). A nurse must ask herself questions and review the details after her interaction with†¦show more content†¦The outcome started out using the 5-point scale as a 2/5. S.M.’s stress keeps increasing, so the coping mechanisms that she uses are not clearly working. S.M. will have to express her feelings, c oncerns, identify resources, and use problem solving method. This will to be reflective, she will reflect on the stressors and her coping mechanisms used and see how they do not work. S.M. will have to take some private time and really ponder upon all her coping mechanisms and list out why they do not work, which will help her gain a better understanding of her issue. Being reflective, problem solving, and identifying resources will help her in the future if problems were to arise. S.M. and I will work together to form new coping mechanism and stress management techniques, which will help broaden her knowledge on health. After the nursing intervention, the NOC 5-point scale score is 4/5. S.M. has identifies the ineffectiveness of their coping mechanism/strategies, but still has a little hard time eliminating them from her life. She says this her learned behavior, but stated that she will try to adopt the new strategies taught to her. A long term goal for S.M. was that she will have reduce her stress level through the use of health promoting behaviors and stress management strategies within two weeks. The current strategies S.M. uses are ineffective. S.M. needs to learn new strategies that will help her effectively reduce stress.Show MoreRelatedThe Components Of Critical Thinking1330 Words   |  6 Pages According to The Critical Thinking Community website, critical thinking is defined as the ability to consider and to analyze information in an unbiased manner in order to make decisions and judgments (2013). Critical thinking is important. Blooms Taxonomy breaks critical thinking as Evaluation Synthesis Analysis Application, Comprehension and Knowledge. 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In Bloom’s revised taxonomy, modifications were made to the original version to deal with the drawbacks found in the previous version. The improved framework now distinguishes from â€Å"knowing what† and â€Å"knowing how† or the matter of thinking and the process utilized in problem-solving (Anderson Krathwohl, 2001)